The
Bluefield Clinic
Alcohol Recovery
Evidence & References
The Bluefield Clinic is committed to providing evidence-based psychological support for people seeking to change their relationship with alcohol.
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The approaches discussed throughout this website are informed by published research, clinical guidelines and established therapeutic principles. References below are provided for general educational purposes.
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Medication-related information on this website is not intended to replace medical advice. Decisions regarding medication should always be discussed with a qualified medical practitioner.
The Sinclair Method
& Naltrexone
David Sinclair and Targeted Naltrexone
Sinclair, J. D. (2001).
Evidence about the use of naltrexone and for different ways of using it in the treatment of alcoholism.
Alcohol and Alcoholism, 36(1), 2–10.
Mayo Clinic
Streeton C, Whelan G.
Naltrexone, a relapse prevention maintenance treatment of alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001 Nov-Dec;36(6):544-52. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/36.6.544. PMID: 11704620.
J.D. Sinclair, 2001
Alcohol and Alcoholism — use depends on how administered [academic.oup.com]
Australian Prescriber
Australian Prescriber: Long-term drug treatment of alcohol dependence [australian....tg.org.au]
Anton et al., 2006
Alcohol Treatment Guidelines: Overview of pharmacotherapies [alcoholtre...nes.com.au]•JAMA COMBINE Study [jamanetwork.com]
Naltrexone in alcohol dependence [dacas.org.au]
DACAS
OPRM1 & response variability (COMBINE pharmacogenetics) [jamanetwork.com]
OPRM1 moderating adherence associations (Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2020; PMC) [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
1. Haber, P. S., Riordan, B., Winter, D., & Barrett, L. (2021). New Australian guidelines for the treatment of alcohol problems. Medical Journal of Australia, 214(5), 227–229.​
2. Naltrexone: A safe and effective standard of care in treating alcohol use disorder. Volume 55, Issue 1–2, January–February 2026. https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2026/january-february/naltrexone.
Psychological Treatment
with Naltrexone
Anton, R. F., O’Malley, S. S., Ciraulo, D. A., et al. (2006).
Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence: The COMBINE Study.Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 295(17), 2003–2017.
•Australian Prescriber: Long-term drug treatment of alcohol dependence [australian....tg.org.au]
•Alcohol Treatment Guidelines: Overview of pharmacotherapies [alcoholtre...nes.com.au]
•JAMA COMBINE Study (Anton et al., 2006) [jamanetwork.com]•Alcohol and Alcoholism (Sinclair, 2001) — use depends on how administered [academic.oup.com]
•Mayo Clinic: Naltrexone (oral route) [mayoclinic.org]•DACAS: Naltrexone in alcohol dependence [dacas.org.au]
•OPRM1 & response variability (COMBINE pharmacogenetics) [jamanetwork.com]
•OPRM1 moderating adherence associations (Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2020; PMC) [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]________________________________________
Psychological Treatment
with Naltrexone
Anton, R. F., O’Malley, S. S., Ciraulo, D. A., et al. (2006).
Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence: The COMBINE Study.Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 295(17), 2003–2017.
•Australian Prescriber: Long-term drug treatment of alcohol dependence [australian....tg.org.au]
•Alcohol Treatment Guidelines: Overview of pharmacotherapies [alcoholtre...nes.com.au]
•JAMA COMBINE Study (Anton et al., 2006) [jamanetwork.com]•Alcohol and Alcoholism (Sinclair, 2001) — use depends on how administered [academic.oup.com]
•Mayo Clinic: Naltrexone (oral route) [mayoclinic.org]•DACAS: Naltrexone in alcohol dependence [dacas.org.au]
•OPRM1 & response variability (COMBINE pharmacogenetics) [jamanetwork.com]
•OPRM1 moderating adherence associations (Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2020; PMC) [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]________________________________________